Tertullian argues that no one is worthy of heaven on the basis of merit

And yet the latter opinion ought to be discussed, that God conferred divine honours in consideration of meritorious claims. Well, then, if the award was made on such grounds, if heaven was opened to men of the primitive age because of their deserts, we must reflect that after that time no one was worthy of such honour; except it be, that there is now no longer such a place for any one to attain to.

Tertullian
Ad Nationes, Book II
Chapter XIII

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